Is There a Difference in Adenoma Detection Rates According to Indication? An Experience in a Panamanian Colorectal Cancer Screening Program.

Background: The benefit of colorectal cancer screening in reducing cancer risk and related death is unclear. There are quality measure indicators and multiple factors that affect the performance of a successful colonoscopy. The main objective of our study was to identify if there is a difference in polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR) according to colonoscopy indication and which factors might be associated. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all colonoscopies performed between January 2018 and January 2019, in a tertiary endoscopic center. All patients ≥ 50 years old scheduled for a nonurgent colonoscopy and screening colonoscopy were included. We stratified the total number of colonoscopies into two categories according to the indication: screening vs. non-screening, and then calculated PDR, ADR and serrated polyp detection rate (SDR). We also performed logistic regression model to identify factors associated with detecting polyps and adenomatous polyps. Results: A total of 1,129 and 365 colonoscopies were performed in the non-screening and screening group, respectively. In comparison with the screening group, PDR and ADR were lower for the non-screening group (33% vs. 25%; P = 0.005 and 17% vs. 13%; P = 0.005). SDR was non-significantly lower in the non-screening group when compared with the screening group (11% vs. 9%; P = 0.53 and 22% vs. 13%; P = 0.007). Conclusion: In conclusion, this observational study reported differences in PDR and ADR depending on screening and non-screening indication. These differences could be related to factors related to the endoscopist, time slot allotted for colonoscopy, population background, and external factors.

Endoluminal vacuum therapy in the management of an esophago-pleural fistula as a complication of Boerhaave syndrome in a patient with eosinophilic esophagitis.

BACKGROUND: Boerhaave syndrome is an uncommon condition that represents about 15% of all esophageal perforation. A subset of these patients has eosinophilic esophagitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus, that carries a risk of perforation of about 2%. Esophageal perforations can rarely result in the development of an esophago-pleural fistula. Treatment of esophago-pleural fistula represent a challenge due to lack of high quality evidence and scarce reported experience. Endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy could have a role in the management by using the same principle applied in external wounds which provide wound drainage and tissue granulation. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a unique case of a 24-year-old man with eosinophilic esophagitis complicated with an esophageal rupture who developed an esophago-pleural fistula and was successfully managed with a non-surgical approach using endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy. To our knowledge this could be the first experience reported in a patient with eosinophilic esophagitis. CONCLUSION: Endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy might be an effective and novel strategy in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis and esophago-pleural fistula as a consequence of Boerhaave syndrome. Appropriately designed studies are required.

Endoscopic ultrasonography can avoid unnecessary laparotomies in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and undetected peritoneal carcinomatosis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the presence of ascites detected by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent a EUS for preoperative staging of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 1998 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of PC was confirmed by histopathology or peritoneal fluid cytology. The main outcome of the study was the relationship of ascites at EUS and PC in patients with pancreatic cancer. Secondarily, to evaluate the relationship between this finding and survival as well as the development of PC during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 136 patients were included: 30 patients with local unresectable tumor or metastatic disease and 106 potentially-resectable candidates based on CT staging. EUS showed ascites in 27 (20%) patients, of whom 8 (29.6%) had PC. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of ascites by EUS in the detection of PC in this group of patients were 67%, 85%, 30%, 96% and 83%, respectively. Ascites detected by EUS was the only independent predictive factor of PC with an OR of 11 (CI 95%: 3-40). The detection of ascites by EUS was associated with a shorter survival (median survival time 7,3 months; range 0-60 vs 14.2 months; range 0-140) (p = 0.018) and earlier development of PC during follow-up (median 3.2 months, range 1.4-18.1 vs 12.7 months, range 5.4-54.8; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The finding of ascites at EUS in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma is highly associated with PC and a poor outcome.

Endometriosis ureteral en paciente monorrena. Presentación del caso y revisión de la literatura / Ureteral endometriosis in a single-kidney patient. Case report and literatura review

La endometriosis se define como la presencia de tejido endometrial funcionante localizado de manera ectópica fuera de la cavidad uterina. La afectación del aparato urinario es poco frecuente evidenciándose únicamente en el 5% de las pacientes con endometriosis. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 44 años monorrena izquierda, que ingresa en el servicio de urología por hidronefrosis y dolor en fosa renal de un mes de evolución. Se realiza estudio de uropatía obstructiva izquierda evidenciándose efecto masa en uréter distal izquierdo. Dados los hallazgos y los antecedentes de la paciente (monorrena izquierda) se decide realizar ureterectomía y vejiga psoica, con toma de biopsia intraoperatoria. El estudio histopatológico de la pieza reveló el diagnóstico de endometriosis ureteral. La paciente en la actualidad se encuentra asintomática y con función renal normal (AU)

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the normal confines of the uterine cavity. Urinary tract involvement is uncommon, its incidence being about 5%. We report the case of a 44 year-old patient with a single left kidney admitted to the urology department of our hospital diagnosed with left-sided hydronephrosis. She also complained of pain in the left renal fossa for more than a month. A study of left obstructive uropathy was performed, revealing a mass effect in the left distal ureter. Given the findings and the patient's history (a single left kidney), we decided to perform ureterectomy and to fix the bladder to the psoas, as well as to perform an intraoperative biopsy. The histopathological report of the surgical specimen confirmed the previous diagnosis of ureteral endometriosis. The patient is currently asymptomatic and has normal renal function (AU)

Quiste del conducto de Gartner asociado a carcinoma microinvasor de cérvix y presentado en una paciente como prolapso de órganos pélvicos / Gartner's duct cyst associated with invasive cervical carcinoma mimicking pelvic organ prolapse

La incidencia de los quistes vaginales está estimada en un 1%; de estos, una parte los constituyen los quistes de origen embrionario, como es el caso del quiste del conducto de Gartner. Estos últimos suelen ser de pequeño tamaño y asintomáticos, aunque en algunas situaciones aumentan de tamaño y, por la localización, pueden dar lugar a sintomatología relacionada con patología del suelo pélvico. La importancia radica en un correcto diagnóstico diferencial, donde las pruebas complementarias de elección serán la ecografía transvaginal y, sobre todo, la resonancia magnética, la cual permitirá establecer las características del quiste, la localización y si existe o no asociación a anormalidades del sistema urinario. En este trabajo presentamos un caso de quiste del conducto de Gartner asociado a carcinoma invasivo de cérvix, diagnosticado en una mujer de 49 años que acudió a nuestra consulta presentando sintomatología relacionada con prolapso de órganos pélvicos, concretamente cistocele (AU)

The incidence of vaginal cysts is estimated to be 1%. Some of these cysts, such as Gartner's duct cyst, are of embryological origin. These cysts are usually small and asymptomatic but they can sometimes grow and, due to their location, produce symptoms related to pelvic floor disease. A correct differential diagnosis is essential, in which the main complementary tests are transvaginal ultrasound and especially magnetic resonance imaging, which will establish the features and location of the cyst as well as any anomalies of the urinary system. We report a case of Gartner's duct cyst associated with invasive cervical carcinoma in a 49-year-old woman who presented with symptoms similar to pelvic organ prolapse, specifically cystocele (AU)